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Balaclava is a community in the township of Bonnechere Valley, Renfrew County, Ontario, Canada. It is on Ontario Highway 513 just off Ontario Highway 132 north of the community of Dacre, and at the outlet of Constant Creek, a tributary of the Madawaska River, from Constant Lake, approximately 30 minutes drive time from Renfrew.〔(【引用サイトリンク】website=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Balaclava,+ON+K0J,+Canada/@45.3802228,-76.9127258,13z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x4cd3d9667ba8ff55:0x4dd407cdfa9b020a )〕 Balaclava is a near ghost town today, a come down from the bustling lumber town of its heyday. It started as a small community named for battle in the Crimean war. Shortly after found, a dam and sawmill were built and by the 1860s, the small hamlet, had acquired a blacksmith shop and hotel to go with its permanent residents. In 1903 a sawdust burner was built so that the sawdust was not dumped in the local river, polluting it. The water-powered sawmill was rebuilt in 1939 after a fire destroyed the mill that had previously occupied the space and continued to operate until 1959. At that time, the depletion of available timber had reduced production to uneconomically small amounts. With the loss of the mill, the viability of Balaclava as a residential town was also lost. The sawmill was the last, water-powered mill to operate in the Province of Ontario Balaclava was listed in a book on ghost towns by Ron Brown. Although it makes Balaclava sound like a pristine, deserted ghost town, actually it is not and still has a few residents. ==Early History== The place Balaclava was named in 1859 to commemorate a key victory of the British Commonwealth during the Crimean War. The Battle of Balaklava was fought on 25 October 1854 as part of the Siege of Sevastopol. and was commanded by Colonel Thomas Griffith. In the mid-1800s, a dam was built out of timber towards the east outlet of Constant Lake along, a tributary of Madawaska River. Reports differ regarding the date of construction of the sawmill in Balaclava. The ''Ontario Law Reports'', from 1911, indicate that the mill was erected in the year of 1855. However, an archeological assessment published in 2007, indicated the mill was constructed in 1861. Regardless, two men, named Duncan Ferguson and Donald Cameron, opened the sawmill in Balaclava, joining some of the nearly one-thousand saw mills in Upper Canada at that time. Before long, Cameron sold his portion of the mill to Ferguson. In addition to mill work, Ferguson sold goods in the area. The hamlet was rounded out with a blacksmith, two hotels and a general store, run by Joseph Lagree. As a result of the sawmill, and the timber industry in the Ottawa Valley in the 1800s, Balaclava became a rather busy settlement and bustling pioneer town. The Ottawa Valley was a natural place for a timber industry to develop. The pioneers found the land lush with coniferous trees, specifically spruce and hemlock, and red and white pine trees. European settlers were drawn to the area to cut the trees, create the square cut timber and pulp and the promises of lumber wealth. The growing town of Balaclava attracted other businessmen, such as William Hunter who built a grist mill two kilometers downstream of the dam. Hunter built his gristmill where the gradient of Constant Creek flattens into an area of poorly drained glacial outwash.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Balaclava, Renfrew County, Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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